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| Copyright Notice The papers presented here each have a copyright restriction on their use. They are made available for your own personal research purposes. They may not be copied for commercial purposes and may not be inserted, in whole or in part, into other documents without the permission of the copyright holder. Reference to the ideas of the authors of the papers should be properly cited in your publications. |
| Notes on This Section
This section represents a considerable effort on the part of the volunteer staff of FogQuest to provide an archive of original reports and published papers related to fog collection. In many cases, it is likely that no other copies of the reports are available. We do not endorse the statements in each document or the conclusions reached by the authors. Visitors to this site should make their own critical examination of the results and conclusions. This is especially true of non-peer-reviewed documents such as theses and institutional reports. Several lengthy lists of references on fog collection can also be found elsewhere on the FogQuest website. |
Contents:
| Overview studies |
| Conference Proceedings |
| Useful Fog & Related Scientific Papers |
| Theses related to Fog Collection |
| Comparative Studies | ||
| Chile – Namibia – Oman | Chile – Peru – Oman | Chile – California |
| France – Tunisia | ||
USA, California, Hawaii
Anderson, J.B., R.E. Baumgardner, V.A. Mohnen and J.J. Bowser, 1999: Cloud Chemistry in the Eastern United States, As Sampled from Three High Elevation Sites along the Appalachian Mountains. Atmospheric Environment, 33, pp 5105 – 5114. [This paper includes a comparison with the Canadian Chemistry of High Elevation Fog data obtained in the province of Québec.]
Azvedo, J. and D.L. Morgan, 1974: Fog Precipitation in Coastal California Forests. Ecology, 55, pp 1135 – 1141. [Eel River Valley in Northern California.]
Baumgardner, Ralph E. Jr., Selma S. Isil , Thomas F. Lavery , Christopher M Rogers & Volker A. Mohnen (2003) Estimates of Cloud Water Deposition at Mountain Acid Deposition Program Sites in the Appalachian Mountains, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 53:3, 291-308, DOI: 10.1080/10473289.2003.10466153
Bower, C. A., 1974: Fog and Wind Regimes of the Eureka-Arcata Coastal Region of Northern California. Dugway Proving Ground, Dugway, Utah, May 1974. pp 148. [A detailed study of the fog processes and fog climatology in coastal Northern California.]
Brewer, R.L., R.J. Gordon and L.S. Shepard, 1983: Chemistry of Mist and Fog from the Los Angeles Urban Area. Atmospheric Environment, 17, No 11, pp 2267 – 2270.
Byers, H.R., 1953: Coast Redwoods and Fog Drip. Ecology, 34, No. 1, January, pp 192-193.
Cannon, W. A., 1901: On the Relation of Redwoods and Fog to the General Precipitation in the Redwood Belt of California. TORREYA, 1, No. 12, pp 137-139. [This includes a story of a wood chopper who used fog drip from a redwood, in the Santa Moreno mountains, as his water supply.]
Carlson, N. K., 1961: Fog and Lava Rock, Pines and Pineapple. American Forests, 67, pp 8 – 11 and 58 – 59. [This has information on fog and fog collection by pine trees on the island of Lanaii, Hawaii.]
Carpenter F. A., 1899: The Utilization of Fog. Monthly Weather Review , XXVII, No 5, pp 195 – 196. [Fog collection by trees, San Diego, California.]
Dawson, T. E., 1998: Fog in the California Redwood Forest: ecosystem inputs and use by plants. Oecologia (1998) 117:476±485.
De Chancenotte, R. c 1968: The Climatic Feasibility of a Fog Net at Jalama Ranch, Western Santa Barbara County, California, for the Bixby Ranch company. pp 17. [This study was done northwest of Los Angeles near the Vandenberg Air Force Base.]
DeFelice, T., 2002: Chemical attributes of some clouds amid a forest ecosystem’s trees. Atmospheric Research, 65, pp 35 – 50. [Mount Mitchell, North Carolina}
DeFelice, T., 2002: Physical attributes of some clouds amid a forest ecosystem’s trees. Atmospheric Research, 65, pp 17 – 34. [Mount Mitchell, North Carolina}
Del Moral, R. And C. H. Muller, 1969: Fog drip: a mechanism of toxin transport from Eucalyptus globulus. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 96, No.4, July August 1969, pp 467 – 475.
Earlscliffe, H., 1898: The Utilization of Fog. Monthly Weather Review, XXVI, No 10, p 466. [Suggests developing a device to measure fog deposition in Southern California.]
Ekern, P. C., 1964: Direct Interception of Cloud Water on Lanaihale, Hawaii. Soil Sci. Soc. Ame. 18, Proc., pp 419-421. hours back
Ficher, D. T. And C. J. Still, 2007: Evaluating patterns of fog water deposition and isotopic composition on the California Channel Islands. WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH, VOL. 43, W04420, doi:10.1029/2006WR005124, pp 13.
Goodman, J., 1977: The Microstructure of California Coastal Fog and Stratus. J. Appl. Meteor., 16, Oct 1977, pp 1056-1067. [Measurements of the structure and origin of fog at a site in San Francisco.]
Goodman, J., 1985: The Collection of Fog Drip. Water Resources Research, 21, No 3, 392 – 394. [Fog measurements in San Francisco Bay.]
Goodman, J., 1998: Fog Drip Collection in Coastal Central California. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Fog and Fog Collection, Schemenauer, R.S. and H. Bridgman, eds., Vancouver, Canada, 19-24 July, ISBN 0-9683887-0-1, pp. 401-404.
Harr, R.D., 1982: Fog Drip in the Bull Run Municipal Watershed, Oregon. Water Resources Bulletin, AWRA, October, 18, No 5, pp 785 – 789. [Discusses the removal of trees in clearcutting.]
Hawks, A.M., 1899: Utilization of Fog. Monthly Weather Review, XXVII, No 3, March, pp 101 – 102 and 118. [Comments on fog in the San Diego, California, area.]
Ingraham, N.L. and R. A. Matthews, 1995: The importance of fog drip water to vegetation: Point Reyes Peninsula, California. J. Hydrology, 164, pp 269 – 285.
Jacob, D. J., J. M. Waldman, J. W. Munger and M. R. Hoffmann, 1985: Chemical Composition of Fogwater Collected along the California Coast. Environ. Sci. Technol., 19, pp 730 – 736.
Jagels, R., J. Carlisle, R. Cunningham, S. Serreze and P. Tsai, 1989: Impact of Acid Fog and Ozone on Coastal Red Spruce. Water, air, and soil pollution, 48, pp 193 – 208. [This provides details of measurements made in the state of Maine.]
Juvik, J.O. and P.C. Ekern, 1978: A Climatology of Mountain Fog on Mauna Loa, Hawaii Island. Technical Report 118 for Office of Water Research and Technology, Washington. Prepared by Water Resources Research Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu. Pp 74.
Kimball, D., R. Jagels, G. A. Gordon, K. C. Weathers and J. Carlisle, 1988: Differences between New England Coastal Fog and Mountain Cloud Water Chemistry. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 39, pp 383 – 393.
Leipper, D.F., 1994: Fog on the US West Coast: a Review. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 75, No. 2, February, pp 229-240.
Markus, M. J., P. H. Bailey and R. Stewart, 1991: Low-Level Cloudiness in the Appalachian Region. J. Applied Meteorology, 30, August, pp 1147 – 1162.
McAdie, A., 1901: Fog Studies on Mount Tamalpais. Popular Science Monthly, 59, pp 535 – 541. [San Francisco, California.]
McKnight, J. H. and J. O. Juvik, 1975: Methodological Approaches in Hawaiian Fog Research. Report for Office of Water Research and Technology, prepared by the University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Water Research Center, Technical Report 85, March, pp 39
Means, T.H., 1927: Fog Precipitated by Trees. Science, Vol. LXVI, No. 1718, pp 402 – 403. [Observations in Berkeley, California]
Miller, D.H., 1957: Coastal Fogs and Clouds. The Geographical Review, XLVII, Number 4, October 1957, pp 591 – 594. [Observations on fog in California.]
Mohnen, V. A. and R. J. Vong, 1993: A climatology of cloud chemistry for the eastern United States derived from the mountain cloud chemistry project. Environ. Rev., 1, pp 38 – 54.
Mordy, W. A. and J. W. Hurdis, 1956: Fog Drip. Summary of a 6 January 1956 seminar, PRI NEWS Vol. 4, pp 26 – 35. [A discussion of fog collection by trees on different Hawaiian islands such as Hawaii, Maui and Lanai, with a discussion of the history going back to 1927.]
Noonkester, V. R. And E. G. C. LeLagne, 1976: Fog Related to Santa Ana Conditions in Southern California – Multisensor observations of fog and mesoscale data provide evidence that the formation and movement of the fog is controlled by mesoscale low-pressure eddies and troughs. Naval Air Systems Command, Naval Electronics Laboratory Center, San Diego, California, 5 November 1976, pp 71.
Oberlander, G. T., 1956: Summer Fog Precipitation on the San Francisco Peninsula. Ecology, 37, pp 851 – 852.
Patton, C. P., 1956: Climatology of Summer Fogs in the San Francisco Bay Area. University Of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, pp 89. [This documents the climatology as well as the causes and distribution of summer fog in the San Francisco area.]
Parson, J.J., 1960: Fog drip from coastal stratus, with special reference to California. Weather, XV, pp 50 – 62. [Berkeley, California.]
Prat, H., 1953: Fog as a Dominant Factor for Plant Life on Some Parts of the Pacific Coast of North America. Proc. of the 7th Pacific Science Congress, New Zealand, 1949, 5, pp 152 – 156.
Schemenauer, R.S., C.M. Banic and N. Urquizo, 1995: High elevation fog and precipitation chemistry in southern Quebec, Canada. Atmospheric Environment, 29, 2235-2252.
Scholl, M. A., S. B. Gingerich and G. W. Tribble, 2002: The Influence of Microclimates and Fog on Stable Isotope Signatures Used in the Interpretation of Regional Hydrology – East Maui, Hawaii. J. Hydrol., 264, pp 170-184.
Vong, R. J., J. T. Sigmon and S. F. Mueller, 1991: Cloud Water Deposition to Appalachian Forests. Environ. Sci. Technol., 25, No 6, pp 1014 – 1021.
Weathers, K.C., et al. (12 authors), 1986: A regional acidic cloud/fog water event in the eastern United States. Nature, 20 February, 319, No 6055, pp 657 – 658. [The pH of the fog was extremely low during this event between 2.8 and 3.1.]
Witiw, M. R. and S. LaDochy, 2008: Trends in fog frequencies in the Los Angeles Basin. Atmospheric Research, 87, special issue: 3rd International Conference on Fog, Fog Collection and Dew. Eds. S. M. Berkowicz, H. Rautenbach and J. Olivier, pp 293 – 300.